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Criminal Law Web
U.S. Criminal Law
Cases: Topical index
General
Part
Preliminary
Criminal
vs. Civil Sanctions
United States v. Ursery, 518
U.S. 267 (1996) (civil forfeiture)
Kansas v. Hendricks, 117 S.
Ct. 2072 (1997) (civil commitment)
Hudson v. United States, 118
S. Ct. 488 (1997) (administrative penalties)
People v. Frank, 166 Misc. 2d
277 (N.Y. Crim. Ct. 1995) (suspension of
driver's license)
People v. Condarco, 166
Misc. 2d 470 (N.Y. Crim. Ct. 1995) (suspension
of driver's license)
Local
Penal Law
People v. Delgardo, 1 Misc.
2d 821 (N.Y. Mag. Ct. 1955)
Crawley, State v., 90 N.J.
241 (1982)
Non-Penal
Code Offenses
Feinberg, Com. v., 433 Pa.
558, 253 A.2d 636 (1969)
Bidner, Com. v., 282 Pa.
Super. 100 (1980)
Frech Funeral Home, State v.,
185 N.J. Super. 385 (1982)
Jurisdiction
Weaselhead, United States
v., 156 F.3d 818 (8th Cir. 1998)
Werblow, People v., 241 N.Y.
55 (1925)
Newton, People v., 72 Misc.
2d 646 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1973)
Cruel
and Unusual Punishment
Robinson v. California, 370
U.S. 660 (1962) (drug addiction)
Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514
(1968) (public intoxication)
Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153
(1976) (death penalty)
Harmelin v. Michigan, 501
U.S. 957 (1991) (life imprisonment without
parole)
Austin v. United States, 509
U.S. 602 (1993) (civil forfeiture)
United States v.
Bajakajian, 118 S. Ct. 2028 (1998) (civil
forfeiture)
Pottinger v. City of
Miami, 810 F.Supp. 1551 (S.D. Fla. 1992)
(homelessness)
Double
Jeopardy
Blockburger v. United
States, 284 U.S. 299 (1932)
Crist v. Bretz, 437 U.S. 28
(1978)
Kennedy, Oregon v., 456 U.S.
667 (1982)
Heath v. Alabama, 474 U.S. 82
(1985)
Weaselhead, United
States v., 156 F.3d 818 (8th Cir. 1998)
Cole, State v., 120 N.J. 321,
576 A.2d 84 (1990) (merger)
Fair Warning
1.
Legislativity
United States v. Hudson &
Goodwin, 11 U.S. 32 (1812)
Mistretta v. United
States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989)
Lamphere's Case, 61 Mich.
105 (1886)
Keller, Com. v., 35 Pa. D.
& C.2d 615 (Ct. Common Pleas 1964)
People v. Kevorkian, 447
Mich. 436 (1994)
2.
Lenity
United States v.
Wiltberger, 18 U.S. 76 (1820)
McBoyle v. United States,
283 U.S. 25 (1931)
United States v. Bass, 404 U.S.
336 (1971)
Johnson v. State, 602
So.2d 1288 (Fla. 1992)
Jones v. United States,
__ U.S. __ (No. 97-6203, Mar. 24, 1999)
(constitutional doubt)
3.
Specificity
Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306
U.S. 451 (1939)
Papachristou v. City of
Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156 (1972)
Rose v. Locke, 423 U.S. 48
(1975)
City of Chicago v.
Morales, 177 Ill.2d 440 (1997)
4.
Prospectivity
Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. 386
(1798)
Frech Funeral Home, State
v., 185 N.J. Super. 385 (1982)
Fiore v. White, 149 F.3d
221 (3d Cir. 1998) (judicial interpretation)
5.
Publicity
The Cotton Planter,
6 F. Cas. 620 (Cir. Ct. D.N.Y. 1810)
Burden
of Proof: Reasonable Doubt
In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358
(1970)
McMillan v. Pennsylvania, 477
U.S. 79 (1986)
Victor v. Nebraska, 511 U.S. 1
(1994)
United States v. Watts, 117 S.
Ct. 633 (1997)
Almendarez-Torres v. United
States, 118 S. Ct. 1219 (1998)
General Principles of
Liability
Actus
Reus
Proctor v. State, 176 P. 771,
15 Okla. Crim. 338 (Ct. Crim. App. Okla. 1918)
Martin v. State, 31 Ala.App.
334, 17 So.2d 427 (1944)
Decina, People v., 2 N.Y.2d
133, 138 N.E.2d 799, 157 N.Y.S.2d 558 (1956)
Shaughnessy, People v.,
66 Misc. 2d 19 (N.Y. Dist. Ct. 1971)
Newton, People v., 72 Misc.
2d 646 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1973)
Grant, People v., 46
Ill.App.3d 125, 360 N.E.2d 809, 4
Ill.Dec. 696 (1977)
Denoncourt v.
Commonwealth, 504 Pa. 191, 470 A.2d 945 (1983)
Omission Offenses
Steinberg, People v., 79
N.Y.2d 673 (1992)
Knowles, United States v.,
26 Fed. Cas. 801 (N.D. Cal. 1864)
Jones v. United States, 308
F.2d 307 (D.C. Cir. 1962)
Status
Offenses
Robinson v. California, 370
U.S. 660 (1962) (drug addiction)
Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1
(1967)
Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514
(1968) (public intoxication)
Pottinger v. City of
Miami, 810 F.Supp. 1551 (S.D. Fla. 1992)
(homelessness)
Possession
Offenses
Davis, People v., 33 N.Y.2d
221 (1973)
Leyva, People v., 38 N.Y.2d
160 (1975)
People v. Rivera, 77 A.D.2d
538 (N.Y. App. Div. 1980)
Almodovar, People v., 62
N.Y.2d 126 (1984)
Heizman, People v., 127
A.D.2d 609 (N.Y. App. Div. 1987)
Betances, People v., 145
A.D.2d 961 (N.Y. App. Div. 1988)
People v. Manini,
79 N.Y.2d 561 (1992)
People v. Verez, 83 N.Y.2d 921
(1994)
Rivas v. United States, 734
A.2d 655 (D.C. Ct. App. 1999)
People v. Young, __ N.Y.2d __
(No. 172, Nov. 23, 1999)
Mens Rea
Strong, People v., 37 N.Y.2d
568 (1975) (reckless v. negligent)
L., In re, 121 Misc. 2d 271
(N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1983)
Coe, People v., 71 N.Y.2d 852
(1988) ("willfully")
Ryan, People v., 82 N.Y.2d 497
(1993)
Pierce, Commonwealth v., 138
Mass. 165 (1884)
Tolson, Queen v., 23 Q.B.D.
185 (1889) ("mens rea")
Cunningham, R. v., [1957]
2 QB 396 ) ("malicious")
Sandstrom v. Montana, 442
U.S. 510 (1979)
Bailey, United States v., 444
U.S. 394 (1980)
Creighton, R. v.,
[1993] 3 S.C.R.
Palani Goundan v. Emperor,
1920 Madras 862 (India)
Thabo Meli v. Regina, 1 All
Eng. Rep. 373 (1954) (South Africa)
Cretenoud c. Procureur
Général, RO 86 IV 12 (1960) (Switzerland)
Absolute Liability
Commonwealth v. Mash, 48 Mass.
(7 Metc.) 472 (1844)
Regina v. Prince, L.R. 2 Cr.
Cas. Res. 154 (1875)
Guest, State v., 583 P.2d 836
(Alaska 1978)
Shevlin-Carpenter Company v.
Minnesota, 218 U.S. 57 (1910)
United States v. Balint, 258
U.S. 250 (1922)
Dotterweich v. United
States, 320 U.S. 277 (1943)
Morissette v. United
States, 342 U.S. 246 (1952)
Lambert v. California, 355
U.S. 225 (1957)
United States v. Freed, 401 U.S.
601 (1971)
United States v. Park, 421 U.S.
658 (1975)
United States v.
Delahoussaye, 573 F.2d 910 (5th Cir. 1978)
L., In re, 121 Misc. 2d 271
(N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1983)
United States v.
Cordoba-Hincapie, 825 F. Supp. 485 (E.D.N.Y. 1993)
Staples v. United States, 511
U.S. 600 (1994)
Michalek, State v., 207
N.J. Super. 340, 504 A.2d 155 (1985) (vehicle
& traffic)
State v. Wingate, 668 So.2d
1324 (La. Ct. App. 1996)
Manson, People v., 173 Misc.
2d 806 (N.Y. Crim. Ct. 1997) (sex offender
registration)
Felony
Murder
State v. Levelle, 13 S.E.
319 (S.C. 1891) (attempted suicide as
predicate felony)
Gladman, People v., 41
N.Y.2d 123 (1976)
Michalow, People v., 229
N.Y. 325 (1920)
Wroblewski, People v.,
109 A.D.2d 39 (N.Y. App. Div. 1985)
Ingram, People v., 67
N.Y.2d 897 (1986)
Washington, People v.,
62 Cal.2d 777, 402 P.2d 130, 44
Cal.Rptr. 442 (1965)
Hickman, People v., 12
Ill.App.3d 412, 297 N.E.2d 582 (1973)
Causation
People v. Kibbe, 35 N.Y.2d 407
(1974) (non-codified; depraved indifference
murder)
People v. Warner-Lambert, 51
N.Y.2d 295 (1980) (manufacturer's homicide
liability)
In re Anthony M., 63 N.Y.2d
270 (1984) (felony murder)
People v. Griffin, 80 N.Y.2d
723 (1993) (medical malpractice as intervening
cause of death)
People v. Hernandez, 82
N.Y.2d 309 (1993) (felony murder)
People v. Matos, 83 N.Y.2d 509
(1994) (felony murder)
Hamilton, United States
v., 182 F.Supp. 548 (D.D.C.1960)
Stamp, People v., 2
Cal.App.3d 203, 82 Cal.Rptr. 598 (1969)
(felony murder; non-codified)
Root, Com. v., 403 Pa.
571, 170 A.2d 310 (1961) (non-codified)
Feinberg, Com. v., 433 Pa.
558, 253 A.2d 636 (1969) (non-codified)
Rementer, Com. v., 410 Pa.
Super. 9, 598 A2d 1300 (1991) (codified)
Watson, State v., 191 N.J.
Super. 464 (1983) (codified; brain death)
Stephenson v. State, 179
N.E. 633, 205 Ind. 141 (1932)
Frazier, State v., 339 Mo.
966, 98 S.W.2d 707 (1936)
Rhoades, Com. v., 379 Mass.
810, 401 N.E.2d 342 (1980)
Twitchell, Com. v., 416
Mass. 114, 617 N.E.2d 609 (1993)
Mistake
Studifin, People v., 132
Misc. 2d 326 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1986)
Marrero, People v., 69
N.Y.2d 382 (1987)
Bray, People v., 52 Cal.App.3d
494 (1975)
Baker, United States v., 807
F.2d 427 (5th Cir. 1986)
Long v. State, 44 Del.
262, 65 A.2d 489 (1949)
Morgan, DPP v., [1976] AC 182
Mukhtar Nur, Sudan v., Major
Court, 1959 Sudan L.J. 1
X. c. Ministére Public, RO 86 IV
212 (1961) (Switzerland)
Liability for Another's
Conduct; Complicity
Dusenberry v. Com., 220
Va. 770, 263 S.E.2d 392 (1980)
(innocent)
Hernandez, State v., 18
Cal. App. 3d 651 (1971) (innocent)
Tavares, Commonwealth v.,
382 Pa. Super. 317 (1989) (innocent)
Tally, State v., 15 So. 722
(Ala. 1894) (complicity)
Ochoa, State v., 72 P.2d 609,
41 N.M. 589 (1937) (complicity)
United States v. Peoni, 100
F.2d 401 (2d Cir. 1938)
United States v. Falcone,
109 F.2d 579 (2d Cir. 1940)
Backun v. United States, 112
F.2d 635 (4th Cir. 1940)
Haines, Commonwealth v., 147
Pa. Super. 165 (1942)
Standefer v. United
States, 447 U.S. 10 (1980) (acquittal of
principal)
People v. Brooks, 34 N.Y.2d
475 (1974) (definition of "accomplice")
People v. McGee, 49 N.Y.2d 48
(1979) (complicity vs. conspiracy)
Abbott, People v., 84 A.D.2d
11 (N.Y. App. Div. 1981)
People v. Flayhart, 72
N.Y.2d 737 (1988) (complicity in reckless and
negligence offenses)
People v. Kaplan, 76
N.Y.2d 140 (1990) (complicity in intent
offenses; complicity vs. facilitation)
Maiorino v. Scully, 746 F.
Supp. 331 (S.D.N.Y. 1990) (causation;
convictions for different degrees of offense)
Manini, People v., 79 N.Y.2d
561 (1992)
Gains v. State, 417 So.2d 719
(D. Ct. App. Fla. 1982)
Liability of Persons Acting, or
Under a Duty to Act, in Behalf of a Corporation
United States v.
Dotterweich, 320 U.S. 277 (1943)
Koczwara, Commonwealth v.,
397 Pa. 575 (1959)
United States v. Park, 421 U.S.
658 (1975)
Penn Valley Resorts,
Commonwealth v., 343 Pa. Super. 387 (1985)
(homicide)
Stauffer v. Ministére
Public, RO 78 IV 6 (1952) (Switzerland)
Intoxication
People v. Register, 60
N.Y.2d 270 (1983) (depraved indifference
murder)
People v. Westergard, 497
N.Y.S.2d 65 (App. Div. 1985) (diminished
capacity)
Cameron, State v., 104 N.J.
42 (1986) (voluntary intoxication)
Sette, State v., 259 N.J.
Super. 156 (1992) (involuntary vs.
pathological intoxication)
Egelhoff, Montana v., 518
U.S. 37 (1996)
Duress
Brown, People v., 68 A.D.2d
503 (N.Y. App. Div. 1979) (duress vs.
necessity)
Calvano, People v., 30
N.Y.2d 199 (1972) (duress vs. entrapment)
St. Clair, State v., 262
S.W.2d 25 (Mo. 1953)
Toscano, State v., 74 N.J.
421, 378 A.2d 755 (1977)
Unger, People v., 66 Ill.2d
333, 362 N.E.2d 319, 5 Ill.Dec. 848
(1977)
Bailey, United States v., 444
U.S. 394, 100 S. Ct. 624 (1980)
Military Orders
Calley, United States v., 22
U.S.C.M.A. 534 (1973) (My Lai)
Consent
People v. Lenti, 46 Misc. 2d
682 (Co. Ct. N.Y. 1965)
State v. George, 937 S.W.2d
251 (Mo. App. 1996)
Entrapment
Russell, United States v.,
411 U.S. 423 (1973)
Hampton v. United States, 425
U.S. 484 (1976)
People v. Isaacson, 44
N.Y.2d 511 (1978) (outrageous government
conduct)
Jacobson v. United States,
503 U.S. 540 (1992)
United States v. Mosley, 965
F.2d 906 (10th Cir. 1992) (outrageous
government conduct)
United States v. Boyd, 55 F.3d
239 (7th Cir. 1995) (outrageous government
conduct)
Rockholt, State v., 186
N.J. Super. 539 (1982)
Medina, State v., 201 N.J.
Super (1985)
Fogarty, State v., 128 N.J.
59 (1992)
Abdelnoor, State v., 273
N.J. Super. 321 (1994)
State v. Vallejos, 945 P.2d
957 (N.M. 1997) (objective vs. subjective
entrapment)
De
Minimis
Moses, Commonwealth v., 350 Pa.
Super. 231 (1986)
General Principles of
Justification
Choice
of Evils
United States v. Holmes, 26
F.Cas. 360 (E.D. Pa. 1842)
The Queen v. Dudley and
Stephens, 14 Q.B.D. 273 (1884)
People v. Brown, 70 Misc.
2d 224 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1972) (prison riot)
People. v. Bess, 107 A.D.2d 844
(N.Y. App. Div. 1985) (third-degree burglary)
People v. Gray, 150 Misc. 2d
852 (N.Y. Crim. Ct. 1991) (disorderly conduct)
Craig, People v., 78 N.Y.2d
616 (1991)
People v. Maher, 79 N.Y.2d 978
(1992) (negligent homicide)
United States v. Kroncke,
459 F.2d 697 (8th Cir. 1972)
Warshow, State v., 138 Vt.
22, 410 A.2d 1000 (1979)
Barnhart, Commonwealth v.,
345 Pa. Super. 10 (1983)
Markum, Commonwealth v., 373
Pa. Super. 341 (1988) (abortion protesters)
Commonwealth v. Leno, 415 Mass.
835 (1993)
United States v. Gomez, 92
F.3d 770 (9th Cir. 1996)
Use of Force in Defense of
Self, Other, or Property
LaVoie, People v., 155 Colo.
551, 395 P.2d 1001 (1964)
Peterson, United States
v., 483 F.2d 1222 (D.C. Cir. 1973)
Ceballos, People v., 12
Cal.3d 470 (1974)
Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. 228
(1987) (burden of proof)
State v. Leidholm, 334 N.W.2d
811 (N.D. 1983) (battered woman syndrome)
Kelly, State v., 97 N.J. 178
(1984) (battered woman syndrome)
Kelly, State v., 33 Wash.
App. 541 (1982) (battered woman syndrome)
Weston v. State, 682 P.2d
1119 (Ak. 1984)
Bowens, State v., 108 N.J.
622, 532 A.2d 215 (1987)
Almodovar, People v., 62
N.Y.2d 126 (1984)
McManus, People v., 67
N.Y.2d 541 (1986)
People v. Goetz, 68 N.Y.2d 96
(1986)
Hagi, People v., 169 A.D.2d 203
(N.Y. App. Div. 1991)
Pena, People v., 169 Misc. 2d
75 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1996)
Law Enforcement
Garner, Tennessee v., 471 U.S. 1
(1985)
Mistakes
State v. Leidholm, 334 N.W.2d
811 (N.D. 1983)
People v. Goetz, 68 N.Y.2d 96
(1986)
Responsibility
Insanity
M'Naghten's Case, 1 C.
& K. 130; 4 St. Tr. N.S. 847 (1843)
Johnson v. State, 38 So.
182 (Ala. 1905)
People v. Schmidt, 216 N.Y.
324 (1915) (M'Naghten test)
Leland v. Oregon, 343 U.S. 790
(1952) (burden of proof)
Sinclair v. State, 161
Miss. 142, 132 So. 581 (1931)
State v. Strasburg, 60
Wash. 106, 110 P. 1020 (1910)
Smith v. United States, 36
F.2d 548 (D.C. Cir. 1929) (irresistible
impulse test adopted)
Miller v. Overholser, 206
F.2d 415 (D.C. Cir. 1953) (commitment of
"sexual psychopaths")
Durham v. United States, 214
F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1954) (Durham test
established)
Washington v. United
States, 390 F.2d 444 (D.C. Cir. 1967) (Durham
test doubted)
United States v. Brawner,
471 F.2d 969 (D.C. Cir. 1972) (en banc)
(Durham test abandoned for Model Penal Code test)
Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 (Model Penal
Code test abandoned by Congress)
18 U.S.C. § 17
(Insanity defense)
18
U.S.C. ch. 313 (Offenders with mental disease
or defect)
Shannon v. United States, 512
U.S. 573 (1994) (interpreting Insanity Defense
Reform Act of 1984)
Maik, State v., 60 N.J.
203, 287 A.2d 715 (1972)
Smith v. State, 614 P.2d 300
(Alaska 1980)
Diminished Capacity
People v. Westergard, 497
N.Y.S.2d 65 (App. Div. 1985)
State v. Breakiron, 108
N.J. 591, 532 A.2d 199 (1987)
Inchoate
Crimes
Attempt
Murray, People v., 14 Cal.
159 (1859)
Peaslee, Commonwealth v.,
177 Mass. 267 (1901)
Jaffe, People v., 185 N.Y.
497, 78 N.E. 169 (1906)
Rizzo, People v., 246 N.Y. 334
(1927)
McQuirter v. State, 36
Ala.App. 707, 63 So.2d 388 (1953)
Booth v. State, 398 P.2d 863
(Ct. Crim. App. Okla. 1964) (impossibility)
Stewart v. State, 85 Nev.
388 (1969) (renunciation)
Staples, People v., 6
Cal.App.3d 61, 85 Cal.Rptr. 589 (1970)
(preparation)
Lyerla, State v., 424 N.W.2d
908 (S.D. 1988)
Henley, Commonwealth v., 504
Pa. 408 (1984) (impossibility)
Donton, Commonwealth v., 439
Pa. Super. 406 (1995)
Clarke, State v., 198 N.J.
Super. 219 (1985)
Dlugash, People v., 41
N.Y.2d 725, 363 N.E.2d 1155 (1977)
People v. Campbell, 72
N.Y.2d 602 (1988) (impossibility)
Coleman, People v., 74
N.Y.2d 381 (1989) (impossibility)
People v. Esquilin, 552
N.Y.S.2d 953 (App. Div. 1990) (impossibility)
People v. Miller, 87 N.Y.2d
211 (1995) (impossibility)
Facilitation
Gordon, People v., 32 N.Y.2d
62 (1973)
Solicitation
Lubow, People v., 29 N.Y.2d 58
(1971)
Wilson, United States v., 565
F. Supp. 1416 (S.D.N.Y. 1983) (incidental
exemption)
Benson v. Super. Ct., 57
Cal.2d 240 (1962)
Conspiracy
Kemp, State v., 126 Conn. 60
(1939)
Pinkerton, United States v.,
328 U.S. 640 (1946)
Callanan v. United States,
364 U.S. 587 (1961)
McGee, People v., 49 N.Y.2d 48
(1979)
Berkowitz, People
v., 50 N.Y.2d 333 (1980) (acquittal of
co-conspirator)
Lauria, People v., 251
Cal.App.2d 471, 59 Cal.Rptr. 628 (1967)
Griffin v. State, 248 Ark.
1223, 455 S.W.2d 882 (1970)
Verive, State v., 128 Ariz.
570, 627 P.2d 721 (1981)
Sentencing
Mistretta v. United States, 488
U.S. 361 (1989)
Koon, United States v., 833 F.
Supp. 769 (C.D. Cal. 1993)
Koon v. United States, 518 U.S.
81 (1996)
Death
Penalty
Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153
(1976)
Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S.
586 (1978)
McCleskey v. Kemp, 481
U.S. 279 (1987)
Tison v. Arizona, 481 U.S. 137
(1987)
Repeat
Offenders
Romero, People v., 13 Cal. 4th
497 (1996) ("three strikes")
Special Part
Offenses
Against the State
Offenses
Against the Person
Homicide
Murder
Franklin, Francis v., 471
U.S. 307 (1985)
Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S.
153 (1976)
Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S.
586 (1978)
Malone, Commonwealth v.,
354 Pa. 180 (1946)
Watson v. United States,
501 A.2d 791 (D.C. Ct. App. 1985)
Felony
Murder
Tison v. Arizona, 481 U.S.
137 (1987)
State v. Levelle, 13
S.E. 319 (S.C. 1891) (attempted suicide as
predicate felony)
Gladman, People v., 41
N.Y.2d 123 (1976)
Michalow, People v.,
229 N.Y. 325 (1920)
Wroblewski, People
v., 109 A.D.2d 39 (N.Y. App. Div. 1985)
Ingram, People v., 67
N.Y.2d 897 (1986)
Washington, People
v., 62 Cal.2d 777, 402 P.2d 130,
44 Cal.Rptr. 442 (1965)
Hickman, People v., 12
Ill.App.3d 412, 297 N.E.2d 582 (1973)
Manslaughter
Williams, State v., 4
Wash.App. 908, 484 P.2d 1167 (1971)
Strong, People v., 37
N.Y.2d 568 (1975)
Colon, People v., 77 A.D.2d
370 (N.Y. App. Div. 1980)
McManus, People v., 67
N.Y.2d 541 (1986)
Duffy, People v., 79 N.Y.2d
611 (1992)
Welansky, Com. v., 316
Mass. 383, 55 N.E.2d 902 (1944)
Provocation
Mullaney v. Wilbur, 421 U.S.
684 (1975)
Patterson v. New York,
432 U.S. 197 (1977)
People v. Casassa, 49
N.Y.2d 668 (1980)
People v. White, 79 N.Y.2d
900 (1992)
People v. Fardan, 82
N.Y.2d 638 (1993)
Robinson, State v., 136
N.J. 476 (1994)
Rowland v. State, 35
So. 826, 83 Miss. 483 (1904)
Gounagias, State v.,
88 Wash. 304 (1915)
Hamilton, United
States v., 182 F.Supp. 548 (D.D.C.1960)
Walker, People v., 55
Ill.App.2d 292, 204 N.E.2d 594 (1965)
Berry, People v., 18
Cal.3d 509 (1976)
Camplin, DPP v., [1978]
AC 705
Negligent
Homicide
People v. Haney, 30 N.Y.2d
328 (1972) (traffic accident)
People v. Beiter, 77 A.D.2d
214 (N.Y. App. Div. 1980) (traffic accident)
People v. Frisbie, 114
A.D.2d 587 (N.Y. App. Div. 1985) (traffic
accident)
Assisted
Suicide
Glucksberg, Washington v.,
___ U.S. ___ (June 26, 1997)
Vacco v. Quill, ___ U.S.
___ (No. 95-1858, June 26, 1997)
Kevorkian, People v., 447
Mich. 436 (1994)
Assault
Campbell, People v., 72
N.Y.2d 602 (1988)
Slaney, Commonwealth v. ,
345 Mass. 135 (1962)
Kidnapping
& Coercion
Eboli, People v., 34 N.Y.2d 281
(1974)
Sexual
Offenses
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186
(1986)
Evans, People v., 85 Misc.2d
1088 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1975)
People v. Onofre, 51 N.Y.2d 476
(1980)
Whidden, People v., 51 N.Y.2d
457 (1980)
Liberta, People v., 64 N.Y.2d
152 (1984) (marriage exemptions)
Thompson, People v., 72
N.Y.2d 410 (1988)
Dieudonne, People v., 143
Misc. 2d 559 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1989) (sex
discrimination)
Morgan, DPP v., [1976] AC 182
Cogan, R. v., [1976] QB 217
Dusenberry v. Com., 220 Va.
770, 263 S.E.2d 392 (1980)
Rusk, State v., 289 Md.
230, 424 A.2d 720 (Ct. App. 1981)
Offenses
Against Property
Arson
Burglary
Mackey, People v., 49 N.Y.2d
274 (1980)
Bess, People v., 107 A.D.2d 844
(N.Y. App. Div. 1985)
Gaines, People v., 74 N.Y.2d
358 (1989)
Graves, People v., 76 N.Y.2d
16 (1990)
Robbery
Reid, People v., 69 N.Y.2d 469
(1987)
Theft
Chesler, People v., 50 N.Y.2d
203 (1980)
Olivo, People v., 52 N.Y.2d
309 (1981)
Foster, People v., 73 N.Y.2d
596 (1989)
Forgery
& Fraud
Martin, People v., 62 Misc. 2d
884 (N.Y. County Ct. 1970) (bad check)
Levitan, People v., 49
N.Y.2d 87 (1980)
Lombardo, People v., 61
N.Y.2d 97 (1984) (usury)
Nelson, People v., 69 N.Y.2d
302 (1987)
Offenses
Against the Family
Offenses
Against Public Administration
Bribery
Singleton, United States
v., 144 F.3d 1343 (10th Cir. 1998), vacated __ F.3d __ (Jan. 8,
1999) (en banc)
Perjury
& Other Falsification
Simmons, People v., 79 Misc.
2d 249 (N.Y.City Crim. Ct. 1974)
Karp, People v., 80 Misc. 2d
965 N.Y. City Crim. Ct. 1975) (impersonation)
Obstruction
Leone, People v., 44 N.Y.2d 315
(1978) (contempt)
Peacock, People v., 68
N.Y.2d 675 (1986) (resisting arrest)
Abuse
of Office
Offenses
Against Public Order
Riot
& Disorderly Conduct
Harassment
& Hate Crimes
Dupont, People v., 107 A.D.2d
247 (N.Y. App. Div. 1985)
Gray, People v., 150 Misc. 2d
852 (N.Y. City Crim. Ct. 1991)
Wisconsin v. Mitchell, 508
U.S. 476 (1993)
State v. Wyant, 64 Ohio St. 3d
566 (1992)
In re B.C. et al., Minors,
176 Ill. 2d 536 (1997)
Loitering
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)
Newsome, United States v.,
492 F.2d 1166 (2d Cir. 1974)
Bright, People v., 71 N.Y.2d
376 (1988)
Nuisance
Wright Hepburn Wester Gallery,
State v., 64 Misc. 2d 423 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1970)
Public
Indecency
Drug
Offenses
Davis, People v., 33 N.Y.2d 221
(1973)
Leyva, People v., 38 N.Y.2d 160
(1975)
Carter, People v., 80 Misc. 2d
1081 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1975) ("aggreggate weight")
Lam Lek Chon, People v., 45
N.Y.2d 64 (1978)
Betances, People v., 145
A.D.2d 961 (N.Y. App. Div. 1988)
Rivas v. United States, 734 A.2d
655 (D.C. Ct. App. 1999)
Gangsters
(Racketeering Offenses)
People v. Capaldo, 151 Misc. 2d
114 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1991)
People v. Wakefield
Financial Corp., 155 Misc. 2d 775 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.
1992)
People v. Cantarella, 160
Misc. 2d 8 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1993)
Vehicle
& Traffic Offenses
Reckless
Driving
Beatty v. Kelly, 9 A.D.2d 1001
(N.Y. App. Div. 1959)
People v. Frisbie, 114
A.D.2d 587 (N.Y. App. Div. 1985)
Driving
While Intoxicated
O'Connor, People v., 159
Misc. 2d 1072 (N.Y. Dist. Ct. 1994)
Kahn, People v., 160 Misc. 2d
594 (N.Y. Dist. Ct. 1994)
People v. Frank, 166 Misc. 2d
277 (N.Y. Crim. Ct. 1995) (suspension of
driver's license)
People v. Condarco, 166
Misc. 2d 470 (N.Y. Crim. Ct. 1995) (suspension
of driver's license)
Others
Whren v. United States, 517 U.S.
806 (1996) ("pretextual stops" for traffic
offenses)
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