I. Model Penal Code
 

	Purpose	Knowledge	Recklessness	Negligence
Offense Elements
1. Conduct
attitude:	conscious object	awareness	[not defined]	[not defined]
probability:
2. Circumstance
attitude:	awareness, belief, hope	awareness	conscious disregard	(no awareness)
probability:			substantial & unjustifiable risk	substantial & unjustifiable risk
3. Result
attitude:	conscious object	awareness	conscious disregard	(no awareness)
probability:		practical certainty	substantial & unjustifiable risk	substantial & unjustifiable risk

Common Law

Offenses
(1)1	Intent			Criminal Negligence
	Specific	General	General
			Reckless Carelessness
			Reckless Negligence
attitude:	malice (aforethought)	awareness (scienter)	awareness (scienter)
	premeditation
	maligant heart
(2)2	Intent
	Specific	Specific	General	General

II. New York Penal Law
 

	Intent(ion)	Knowledge	Recklessness	Criminal Negligence
Offense Elements
1. Conduct
attitude:	conscious object	awareness	[not defined]	[not defined]
probability:
2. Circumstance
attitude:	[not defined]	awareness	awareness & conscious disregard	(no awareness)
probability:			substantial & unjustifiable risk	substantial & unjustifiable risk
3. Result
attitude:	conscious object	[not defined]	awareness & conscious disregard	(no awareness)
probability:	irrelevant3	[not defined]	substantial & unjustifiable risk	substantial & unjustifiable risk

III. Civil Law (German System)
 

	Dolus			Culpa
	Absicht	Directus	Eventualis	w/ Awareness	w/o Awareness
All Offense Elements
attitude:	conscious object	awareness	acceptance of risk	belief in non-realization of risk	(no awareness)
probability:	irrelevant	certainty	high	low	low

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