Introduction: General Approach
Critical: comparative, historical, contextual
Dubber, Criminal Law in Comparative Perspective; The Dual Penal State (introduction)
Part I.
Fundamentals & Frameworks
Introduction. The Province of Criminal Law
A. Law and Police
Dubber, Police Power Model of the Criminal Process (esp. pp. 130-38); Paradigms of Penal Law
Rousseau, Blackstone, Cyclopaedia of Political Science
Morris, Persons and Punishment
Fuller, Morality of Law
Code of Service Discipline (esp. §§ 60, 68, 82, 83, 92, 129, 139)
N.Y. Agric. & Mkts. Law § 121
B. Public Law and Private Law
Dubber, Criminal Law Between Public and Private Law (esp. pp. 191-93, pts. III-V)
Linden & Feldthusen, Functions of Tort Law
Assault in Crime and Tort
McMurtry Report
R. v. Cuerrier (snapshot); N.C. v. W.R.B.; Re Jane Doe (CICB)
C. Criminal Law in Canada: The Canadian Criminal Code
Friedland, Codification in the Commonwealth
Linden, Recodifying Canadian Criminal Law
Stephen, General View & Criminal Code Bill Commission, Report (1879)
Stephen, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (1874)
Stephen, A History of the Criminal Law of England (1883)
Self-Defense: A History in Codes
Chapter 1. Theories and Concepts of Punishment
A. Theories
R. v. C.A.M.
R. v. Christie
U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines
B. Concepts
R. v. Lyons
R. v. L.M.
R. v. Cross
Hörnle, "Human Rights Issues in the General Part of Substantive Criminal Law"
Chapter 2. Sources and Limits of the Power to Punish
A. POGG and Criminal Law Power
Margarine Reference
R. v. Hydro-Québec
Constitution Act, 1867 (esp. ss. 91 & 92)
Valverde, "Peace, Order, and Good Government" (esp. pp. 72-86, 93-94)
B. Harm Principle
R. v. Malmo-Levine
Stephen, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Dubber, Rechtsgut and Harm Principle
Chapter 3. Legality Principle (nulla poena)
A. Rule of Law/Rechtsstaat
Fuller, Morality of Law
Dubber, The Principle of Legality
B. Legislativity
Frey v. Fedoruk
Shaw v. DPP
C. Specificity
R. v. Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society
D. Strict Construction/Lenity
R. v. Robinson
R. v. Paré
R. v. McIntosh
R. v. Sharpe
R. v. L.B.
E. Prospectivity
Application under s. 83.28 of the Criminal Code
F. Publicity
R. v. Furtney
G. Codification
United Nurses of Alberta v. Alberta
Chapter 4. Jurisdiction
R. v. Stucky
Davidson v. British Columbia
Code of Service Discipline
German Criminal Code
Chapter 5. Analysis of Criminal Liability
A. Three Levels of Liability
Analytic Structure of Criminal Liability
Dubber, Comparative Analysis of Criminal Liability
Criminal Code Bill Commission, Report (1879)
B. German Scheme
Naucke, An Insider's Perspective
C. Victim Compensation Scheme
Dubber, "Analysis of Compensability"
Compensation for Victims of Crime Act (Ont.) (repealed 2022)
D. Tort Scheme
Linden, Tort Defences & German Civil Code § 823
E. An Application: The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens
The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens
Part II. General Principles of Criminal Law
Chapter 6. Actus Reus (Objective Offense Elements)
A. Actness
People v. Davis
LRCC §§ 2(2) to 2(3)(a)
MPC §§ 1.13(5), (9), 2.01
B. Voluntariness
R. v. Larsonneur
R. v. Shaw
Hill v. Baxter
LRCC § 3(1)
MPC § 2.01
C. Omission
R. v. Instan
People v. Robbins
State v. Miranda
R. v. Browne
Fagan v. Commissioner of Metropolitan Police
R. v. Miller
R. v. Thornton
LRCC § 2(3)
MPC § 2.01
StGB § 13
French Penal Code arts. 223-6, 7
StGB § 323c
LRCC § 10(2)
Quebéc Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms §§ 1, 2
D. Possession
1. Significance and Variety
Dubber, "Policing Possession"
Possession in the Canadian Criminal Code
2. "Actus Reus"
An Act for the better preventing the counterfeiting the current coin of this kingdom, 1697, 8 & 9 Will. 3, c. 26 (Eng.).
An Act for the better prevention of offences, 1851, 14 & 15 Vict., c. 19 (Eng.)
R. v. Lennard
R. v. Dugdale
LRCC § 2(3) (comment)
MPC § 2.01(4)
Dubber, "Policing Possession"
3. Varieties of Possession
a. actual (physical)
R. v. Hess
R. v. Beaver
b. constructive
(i) personal
R. v. Christie
(ii) joint
R. v. Chambers
4. Presumptions
R. v. Oakes
Dubber, "Policing Possession"
Chapter 7. Mens Rea (Subjective Offense Elements)
A. Voluntariness and Culpable Mental States
In the Matter of Ronnie L.
B. Schemes of Mental States
C. Definitions
LRCC § 2(4)
MPC § 2.02, N.Y. Penal Law § 15.05
StGB § 15
StGB (Alternative Draft) §§ 17, 18
D. The Boundaries of Intent: Varieties of Subjective Fault
R. v. Lewis
R. v. Dunbar
R. v. Paquette
R. v. Buzzanga
MPC § 2.02(8)
R. v. Hibbert
R. v. Moo
E. The Boundaries of Culpability: Subjective vs. Objective Fault
R. v. G and another
R. v. Tutton and Tutton
R. v. Hundal
R v. Beatty
R v. De Ciantis
F. Constitutional Constraints
1. Strict and Absolute Liability
R. v. City of Sault Ste. Marie
Reference Re: Section 94(2) of the Motor Vehicle Act
R. v. Wholesale Travel Group Inc.
Sayre, Public Welfare Offenses
Morissette v. United States
MPC §§ 2.02(3), (4), 2.05
2. Constructive Murder
R. v. Vaillancourt
R. v. Martineau
LRCC § 6(3)
MPC §§ 210.2, 210.3
StGB §§ 211-213
3. Foreseeability
R. v. DeSousa
R. v. Creighton
Chapter 8. Causation
R. v. Roberts
R. v. Pagett
R. v. Cheshire
R. v. Smithers
R. v. Blaue
R. v. Cribbin
R. v. Nette
R. v. Sinclair
People v. Kibbe
LRCC § 2(6)
MPC § 2.03
Chapter 9. Inchoate Crimes
A. Attempt
1. Concepts and Types of Attempt
LRCC § 4(3)
StGB §§ 22-23
MPC §§ 5.01, 5.05(1)
2. Mens Rea
R. v. Lajoie
R. v. Ancio
3. "Actus Reus": Incomplete Attempts
R. v. Cline
R. v. Sorrell and Bondett
R. v. Deutsch
People v. Lehnert
4. Impossibility
U.S.A. v. Dynar
People v. Dlugash
B. Counselling
R. v. Hamilton
LRCC § 4(4)
MPC § 5.02
C. Conspiracy
R. v. Dèry
U.S.A. v. Dynar
LRCC § 4(5)
MPC § 5.03(1), (5), (6)
Chapter 10. Liability for Another's Conduct
A. Concepts and Types of Derivative Liability
LRCC § 4(1), 4(2)
StGB §§ 25-27, 29
MPC § 2.06(1)-(3), (6)(c)
B. Complicity
R. v. Dunlop and Sylvester
R. v. Popen
R. v. Dooley
R. v. Logan
R. v. Kirkness
R. v. Hibbert
R. v. Briscoe
R. v. Hughes
R. v. J.F.
C. Abandonment
R. v. Ball
R. v. Gonzague
People v. Staples
StGB § 24
MPC §§ 2.06(6)(c), 5.01(4), 5.02(3), 5.03(6)
N.Y. Penal Law § 40.10
D. Vicarious Liability (respondeat superior)
R. v. Hawinda Taverns Ltd.
E. Corporate Liability
1. Statutory Definitions of Personhood
Interpretation Act s. 35(1)
Indian Penal Code s. II, s. 11
S. Afr. Close Corporations Act s. 2(2), 2(4)
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Act, s. 302
Haw. Rev. Stat. § 701-118
N.Y. Penal Law § 10.00(7), 125.05
2. Foundations of Corporate Criminal Liability
New York Central and Hudson River Railway Co. v. United States
Lennard's Carrying Co. v. Asiatic Petroleum Co.
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation § 4.19
Weigend, "Societas delinquere non potest?"
Beale, "A Response to the Critics of Corporate Criminal Liability"
3. Vicarious Liability Doctrine
LRCC § 2(5)
MPC § 2.07
People v. Congregational Khal Chaisidei Skwere, Inc.
4. Identification Doctrine
R. v. Waterloo Mercury Sales Ltd.
R. v. Canadian Dredge and Dock Co. Ltd. et al.
Tesco Supermarkets v. Nattrass R. v. Safety Kleen Inc.
5. Corporations and the Charter
R. v. CIP Inc.
6. Reforms
A. Canada
CCC ss. 22.1 - 22.2
Archibald, Jull & Roach, "The Changed Face of Corporate Criminal Liability"
R. v. Metron Construction Corp.
B. Australia
Criminal Code Act 1995 § 2(5)
C. UK
Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 s. 1
R. v. Lion Steel Equipment Ltd.
7. Other Corporate Liability Provisions: Overview
Albania
China
Finland
France
Germany
Iceland
Norway
South Africa
Switzerland
Chapter 11. Mistake & Intoxication
A. Mistake
1. Mistake of Fact
R. v. Rees
R. v. Metro News Ltd.
R. v. Pappajohn
R. v. Sansregret
R. v. Osolin
R. v. Ladue
R. v. Burgess
R. v. Vlcko
R. v. Kundeus
LRCC § 3(2)
MPC § 2.04(1)
StGB § 16
2. Mistake of Law
R. v. Campbell and Mlynarchuk
R. v. Ross
The Statutory Instruments Act
R. v. Molis
R. v. Pontes
R. v. Docherty
People v. Coe
R. v. Dalley
R. v. Forster
R. v. Jorgensen
Lévis (City) v. Tétreault
R. v. Pena
LRCC § 3(7)
MPC § 2.04(3), (4)
StGB § 17
B. Intoxication
DDP v. Beard
DPP v. Majewski
R. v. Bernard
R. v. Daviault
LRCC § 3(3)
MPC § 2.08
StGB § 323a
Chapter 12. Justification
A. Concepts and Types of Defense
Blackstone, Commentaries
Criminal Code Bill Commission, Report
R. v. Perka
Naucke, "An Insider's Perspective"
LRCC ch. 3
N.Y. Penal Law § 25
Patterson v. New York
R. v. Whyte
B. Protection of Persons Administering and Enforcing the Law
R. v. Brennan
LRCC § 3(13)
MPC §§ 3.03, 3.07
C. Persons in Authority
Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v. Canada
LRCC § 3(14)
MPC § 3.08
D. Self-Defense
R. v. Pétel
R. v. McIntosh
R. v. Pawliuk
R. v. Lavallee
R. v. Deegan
R. v. Faid
R. v. Webers
R. v. Baxter
LRCC § 3(10)
MPC § 3.03
StGB §§ 32-33
E. Consent
R. v. Jobidon
R. v. Cuerrier
R. v. Ewanchuk
R. v. Crangle
LRCC § 1(2)
MPC § 2.11
F. Necessity
The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens
R. v. Perka
R. v. Latimer
LRCC § 3(9)
MPC § 3.02
StGB § 34
Chapter 13. Excuse
A. Incapacity ("Exemption")
1. Insanity
a. Definition
R. v. Cooper
R. v. Kjeldsen
R. v. Abbey
R. v. Kirkby
R. v. Schwartz
R. v. Chaulk
Winko v. British Columbia (Forensic Psychiatric Institute)
R. v. Whittle
Stephen, 1879 Draft Bill
Criminal Code Bill Commission, 1879 Draft Bill
Canadian Criminal Code, 1892
Canadian Criminal Code (current)
LRCC § 3(6)
MPC § 4.01
StGB § 20
b. Defense (vs. Element of Liability vs. Symptom vs. Offense)
R. v. Saxell
R. v. Swain
c. Burden of Proof
R. v. Chaulk
People v. Kohl
d. Diminished Responsibility
R. v. More
R. v. Wright
MPC §§ 4.02, 210.3(1)(b)
StGB § 21
e. Irresistible Impulse
R. v. Borg
2. Infancy
R. v. Sawchuk
R. v. Ogg-Moss
LRCC § 3(4)
MPC § 4.10
StGB § 19
3. "Insane Automatism"
R. v. Quick
R. v. Rabey
R. v. Parks
R. v. Stone
B. Inability
1. Duress
R. v. Carker (No. 2)
R. v. Hibbert
R. v. Ruzic
LRCC § 3(8)
MPC § 2.09
StGB § 35
2. Provocation
R. v. Hill
R. v. Galgay
R. v. Thibert
R. v. Parent
MPC § 210.3(1)(b)
StGB § 213
3. Entrapment
R. v. Mack
R. v. Barnes
MPC § 2.13
N.Y. Penal Law § 40.05
People v. DeGina
Ross, Tradeoffs in Undercover Investigations
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